Redis是从2.6版本引入对Lua脚本的支持，通过在服务器中嵌入lua环境，Redis可以使用lua脚本，直接在服务端上原子执行多个Redis命令
比如：
redis> eval "return 'hello world'" 0
"hello world"
而使用evalsha命令则可以根据脚本进行求值
redis> eval "return 1+1" 0
2
redis> evalsha "e222sadadsadasdadaasd.." 0
2
或者是通过script load命令载入
redis> script load "return 2*2"
"xxxxxxxx...."
redis> evalsha "xxxxxxxx...." 0
4
在此之前我们需要知道服务端是怎么初始化lua的环境的
在redis.c/initServer方法中，我们发现scriptingInit()方法
/* Initialize the scripting environment.
* It is possible to call this function to reset the scripting environment
* assuming that we call scriptingRelease() before.
* See scriptingReset() for more information. */
void scriptingInit(void) {
lua_State *lua = lua_open();
//加载lua的库
luaLoadLibraries(lua);
//移除loadfile方法，防止加载外部文件不安全代码
luaRemoveUnsupportedFunctions(lua);
//server中保存当前脚本的关系
server.lua_scripts = dictCreate(&shaScriptObjectDictType,NULL);
//table是lua中最基本的数据结构
lua_newtable(lua);
/* redis.call */
lua_pushstring(lua,"call"); //前面为table结构，压入key
lua_pushcfunction(lua,luaRedisCallCommand); //压入value
lua_settable(lua,-3); //弹出key value 设置到table中
/* redis.pcall */
lua_pushstring(lua,"pcall");
lua_pushcfunction(lua,luaRedisPCallCommand);
lua_settable(lua,-3);
/* redis.log and log levels. */
lua_pushstring(lua,"log");
lua_pushcfunction(lua,luaLogCommand);
lua_settable(lua,-3);
lua_pushstring(lua,"LOG_DEBUG");
lua_pushnumber(lua,REDIS_DEBUG);
lua_settable(lua,-3);
lua_pushstring(lua,"LOG_VERBOSE");
lua_pushnumber(lua,REDIS_VERBOSE);
lua_settable(lua,-3);
lua_pushstring(lua,"LOG_NOTICE");
lua_pushnumber(lua,REDIS_NOTICE);
lua_settable(lua,-3);
lua_pushstring(lua,"LOG_WARNING");
lua_pushnumber(lua,REDIS_WARNING);
lua_settable(lua,-3);
/* redis.sha1hex */
lua_pushstring(lua, "sha1hex");
lua_pushcfunction(lua, luaRedisSha1hexCommand);
lua_settable(lua, -3);
/* redis.error_reply and redis.status_reply */
lua_pushstring(lua, "error_reply");
lua_pushcfunction(lua, luaRedisErrorReplyCommand);
lua_settable(lua, -3);
lua_pushstring(lua, "status_reply");
lua_pushcfunction(lua, luaRedisStatusReplyCommand);
lua_settable(lua, -3);
/* Finally set the table as 'redis' global var. */
lua_setglobal(lua,"redis");
/* Replace math.random and math.randomseed with our implementations. */
lua_getglobal(lua,"math");
lua_pushstring(lua,"random");
lua_pushcfunction(lua,redis_math_random);
lua_settable(lua,-3);
lua_pushstring(lua,"randomseed");
lua_pushcfunction(lua,redis_math_randomseed);
lua_settable(lua,-3);
lua_setglobal(lua,"math");
/* Add a helper function that we use to sort the multi bulk output of non
* deterministic commands, when containing 'false' elements. */
//该函数是用于比较元素信息做排序
{
char *compare_func = "function __redis__compare_helper(a,b)\n"
" if a == false then a = '' end\n"
" if b == false then b = '' end\n"
" return a<b\n"
"end\n";
luaL_loadbuffer(lua,compare_func,strlen(compare_func),"@cmp_func_def");
lua_pcall(lua,0,0,0);
}
/* Add a helper function we use for pcall error reporting.
* Note that when the error is in the C function we want to report the
* information about the caller, that's what makes sense from the point
* of view of the user debugging a script. */
{
char *errh_func = "local dbg = debug\n"
"function __redis__err__handler(err)\n"
" local i = dbg.getinfo(2,'nSl')\n"
" if i and i.what == 'C' then\n"
" i = dbg.getinfo(3,'nSl')\n"
" end\n"
" if i then\n"
" return i.source .. ':' .. i.currentline .. ': ' .. err\n"
" else\n"
" return err\n"
" end\n"
"end\n";
luaL_loadbuffer(lua,errh_func,strlen(errh_func),"@err_handler_def");
lua_pcall(lua,0,0,0);
}
/* Create the (non connected) client that we use to execute Redis commands
* inside the Lua interpreter.
* Note: there is no need to create it again when this function is called
* by scriptingReset(). */
if (server.lua_client == NULL) {
server.lua_client = createClient(-1);
server.lua_client->flags |= REDIS_LUA_CLIENT;
}
/* Lua beginners often don't use "local", this is likely to introduce
* subtle bugs in their code. To prevent problems we protect accesses
* to global variables. */
scriptingEnableGlobalsProtection(lua);
server.lua = lua;
}
-----------------------------------------------------------
//加载库的信息
void luaLoadLibraries(lua_State *lua) {
luaLoadLib(lua, "", luaopen_base);
luaLoadLib(lua, LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table);
luaLoadLib(lua, LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string);
luaLoadLib(lua, LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math);
luaLoadLib(lua, LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug);
luaLoadLib(lua, "cjson", luaopen_cjson);
luaLoadLib(lua, "struct", luaopen_struct);
luaLoadLib(lua, "cmsgpack", luaopen_cmsgpack);
luaLoadLib(lua, "bit", luaopen_bit);
#if 0 /* Stuff that we don't load currently, for sandboxing concerns. */
luaLoadLib(lua, LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package);
luaLoadLib(lua, LUA_OSLIBNAME, luaopen_os);
#endif
}
-----------------------------------------------------------
/* Remove a functions that we don't want to expose to the Redis scripting
* environment. */
void luaRemoveUnsupportedFunctions(lua_State *lua) {
lua_pushnil(lua);
lua_setglobal(lua,"loadfile");
}
从上面的模块我们知道lua脚本会执行调度Redis命令，执行Redis必须要有客户端状态，所以为了执行lua脚本中包含的Redis命令，Redis服务器为lua环境创建了一个伪客户端
以pcall、call为例执行一个函数
int luaRedisCallCommand(lua_State *lua) {
return luaRedisGenericCommand(lua,1);
}
int luaRedisPCallCommand(lua_State *lua) {
return luaRedisGenericCommand(lua,0);
}
#define LUA_CMD_OBJCACHE_SIZE 32
#define LUA_CMD_OBJCACHE_MAX_LEN 64
int luaRedisGenericCommand(lua_State *lua, int raise_error) {
int j, argc = lua_gettop(lua);
struct redisCommand *cmd;
//当前这个伪客户端在redis server初始化时创建
redisClient *c = server.lua_client;
sds reply;
/* Cached across calls. */
static robj **argv = NULL;
static int argv_size = 0;
static robj *cached_objects[LUA_CMD_OBJCACHE_SIZE];
static size_t cached_objects_len[LUA_CMD_OBJCACHE_SIZE];
static int inuse = 0; /* Recursive calls detection. */
/* By using Lua debug hooks it is possible to trigger a recursive call
* to luaRedisGenericCommand(), which normally should never happen.
* To make this function reentrant is futile and makes it slower, but
* we should at least detect such a misuse, and abort. */
if (inuse) {
char *recursion_warning =
"luaRedisGenericCommand() recursive call detected. "
"Are you doing funny stuff with Lua debug hooks?";
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"%s",recursion_warning);
luaPushError(lua,recursion_warning);
return 1;
}
inuse++;
/* Require at least one argument */
if (argc == 0) {
luaPushError(lua,
"Please specify at least one argument for redis.call()");
inuse--;
return 1;
}
/* Build the arguments vector */
if (argv_size < argc) {
argv = zrealloc(argv,sizeof(robj*)*argc);
argv_size = argc;
}
for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
char *obj_s;
size_t obj_len;
char dbuf[64];
if (lua_type(lua,j+1) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
/* We can't use lua_tolstring() for number -> string conversion
* since Lua uses a format specifier that loses precision. */
lua_Number num = lua_tonumber(lua,j+1);
obj_len = snprintf(dbuf,sizeof(dbuf),"%.17g",(double)num);
obj_s = dbuf;
} else {
obj_s = (char*)lua_tolstring(lua,j+1,&obj_len);
if (obj_s == NULL) break; /* Not a string. */
}
/* Try to use a cached object. */
if (j < LUA_CMD_OBJCACHE_SIZE && cached_objects[j] &&
cached_objects_len[j] >= obj_len)
{
char *s = cached_objects[j]->ptr;
struct sdshdr *sh = (void*)(s-(sizeof(struct sdshdr)));
argv[j] = cached_objects[j];
cached_objects[j] = NULL;
memcpy(s,obj_s,obj_len+1);
sh->free += (int)(sh->len - obj_len); WIN_PORT_FIX /* cast (int) */
sh->len = (int)obj_len; WIN_PORT_FIX /* cast (int) */
} else {
argv[j] = createStringObject(obj_s, obj_len);
}
}
/* Check if one of the arguments passed by the Lua script
* is not a string or an integer (lua_isstring() return true for
* integers as well). */
if (j != argc) {
j--;
while (j >= 0) {
decrRefCount(argv[j]);
j--;
}
luaPushError(lua,
"Lua redis() command arguments must be strings or integers");
inuse--;
return 1;
}
/* Setup our fake client for command execution */
c->argv = argv;
c->argc = argc;
/* Command lookup */
cmd = lookupCommand(argv[0]->ptr);
if (!cmd || ((cmd->arity > 0 && cmd->arity != argc) ||
(argc < -cmd->arity)))
{
if (cmd)
luaPushError(lua,
"Wrong number of args calling Redis command From Lua script");
else
luaPushError(lua,"Unknown Redis command called from Lua script");
goto cleanup;
}
c->cmd = cmd;
/* There are commands that are not allowed inside scripts. */
if (cmd->flags & REDIS_CMD_NOSCRIPT) {
luaPushError(lua, "This Redis command is not allowed from scripts");
goto cleanup;
}
/* Write commands are forbidden against read-only slaves, or if a
* command marked as non-deterministic was already called in the context
* of this script. */
if (cmd->flags & REDIS_CMD_WRITE) {
if (server.lua_random_dirty) {
luaPushError(lua,
"Write commands not allowed after non deterministic commands");
goto cleanup;
} else if (server.masterhost && server.repl_slave_ro &&
!server.loading &&
!(server.lua_caller->flags & REDIS_MASTER))
{
luaPushError(lua, shared.roslaveerr->ptr);
goto cleanup;
} else if (server.stop_writes_on_bgsave_err &&
server.saveparamslen > 0 &&
server.lastbgsave_status == REDIS_ERR)
{
luaPushError(lua, shared.bgsaveerr->ptr);
goto cleanup;
}
}
/* If we reached the memory limit configured via maxmemory, commands that
* could enlarge the memory usage are not allowed, but only if this is the
* first write in the context of this script, otherwise we can't stop
* in the middle. */
if (server.maxmemory && server.lua_write_dirty == 0 &&
(cmd->flags & REDIS_CMD_DENYOOM))
{
if (freeMemoryIfNeeded() == REDIS_ERR) {
luaPushError(lua, shared.oomerr->ptr);
goto cleanup;
}
}
if (cmd->flags & REDIS_CMD_RANDOM) server.lua_random_dirty = 1;
if (cmd->flags & REDIS_CMD_WRITE) server.lua_write_dirty = 1;
/* If this is a Redis Cluster node, we need to make sure Lua is not
* trying to access non-local keys, with the exception of commands
* received from our master. */
if (server.cluster_enabled && !(server.lua_caller->flags & REDIS_MASTER)) {
/* Duplicate relevant flags in the lua client. */
c->flags &= ~(REDIS_READONLY|REDIS_ASKING);
c->flags |= server.lua_caller->flags & (REDIS_READONLY|REDIS_ASKING);
if (getNodeByQuery(c,c->cmd,c->argv,c->argc,NULL,NULL) !=
server.cluster->myself)
{
luaPushError(lua,
"Lua script attempted to access a non local key in a "
"cluster node");
goto cleanup;
}
}
/* Run the command */
call(c,REDIS_CALL_SLOWLOG | REDIS_CALL_STATS);
/* Convert the result of the Redis command into a suitable Lua type.
* The first thing we need is to create a single string from the client
* output buffers. */
if (listLength(c->reply) == 0 && c->bufpos < REDIS_REPLY_CHUNK_BYTES) {
/* This is a fast path for the common case of a reply inside the
* client static buffer. Don't create an SDS string but just use
* the client buffer directly. */
c->buf[c->bufpos] = '\0';
reply = c->buf;
c->bufpos = 0;
} else {
reply = sdsnewlen(c->buf,c->bufpos);
c->bufpos = 0;
while(listLength(c->reply)) {
robj *o = listNodeValue(listFirst(c->reply));
reply = sdscatlen(reply,o->ptr,sdslen(o->ptr));
listDelNode(c->reply,listFirst(c->reply));
}
}
if (raise_error && reply[0] != '-') raise_error = 0;
redisProtocolToLuaType(lua,reply);
/* Sort the output array if needed, assuming it is a non-null multi bulk
* reply as expected. */
if ((cmd->flags & REDIS_CMD_SORT_FOR_SCRIPT) &&
(reply[0] == '*' && reply[1] != '-')) {
luaSortArray(lua);
}
if (reply != c->buf) sdsfree(reply);
c->reply_bytes = 0;
cleanup:
/* Clean up. Command code may have changed argv/argc so we use the
* argv/argc of the client instead of the local variables. */
for (j = 0; j < c->argc; j++) {
robj *o = c->argv[j];
/* Try to cache the object in the cached_objects array.
* The object must be small, SDS-encoded, and with refcount = 1
* (we must be the only owner) for us to cache it. */
if (j < LUA_CMD_OBJCACHE_SIZE &&
o->refcount == 1 &&
(o->encoding == REDIS_ENCODING_RAW ||
o->encoding == REDIS_ENCODING_EMBSTR) &&
sdslen(o->ptr) <= LUA_CMD_OBJCACHE_MAX_LEN)
{
struct sdshdr *sh = (void*)(((char*)(o->ptr))-(sizeof(struct sdshdr)));
if (cached_objects[j]) decrRefCount(cached_objects[j]);
cached_objects[j] = o;
cached_objects_len[j] = sh->free + sh->len;
} else {
decrRefCount(o);
}
}
if (c->argv != argv) {
zfree(c->argv);
argv = NULL;
argv_size = 0;
}
if (raise_error) {
/* If we are here we should have an error in the stack, in the
* form of a table with an "err" field. Extract the string to
* return the plain error. */
lua_pushstring(lua,"err");
lua_gettable(lua,-2);
inuse--;
return lua_error(lua);
}
inuse--;
return 1;
}